Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment begins with a retinal tear or break. This allows vitreous fluid, normally supporting the retina, to seep underneath it. This fluid buildup separates the retina from its underlying pigment epithelium, causing detachment.
Several factors contribute to tear formation. Vitreous liquefaction, a natural aging process, weakens the vitreous gel. This weaker gel can then tug on the retina, causing tears, particularly near areas of previous inflammation or trauma. Myopia (nearsightedness) increases risk, as a longer eye increases tension on the retina.
Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) frequently precedes retinal tears. In PVD, the vitreous gel completely separates from the retina. This separation creates traction, potentially tearing the retina. Symptoms of PVD include floaters (spots or cobwebs in vision) and flashes of light. Immediate ophthalmologic consultation is advised if these occur.
Once fluid seeps beneath the retina, the detachment progresses. Gravity plays a role, often causing detachment to spread downwards. The longer the detachment remains untreated, the higher the risk of permanent vision loss. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.
Understanding this mechanism highlights the importance of regular eye exams, especially for those at high risk. Early detection drastically improves treatment success.
